2018 observation
Since the deregulation of the Australian economy in the 1980s, successive governments have largely relied on market forces to determine what Australia produces. In 2024, the Albanese government introduced the ‘Future Made in Australia’ policy — a targeted industrial policy that commits $23 billion in government subsidies and support over the next decade to build Australian manufacturing capability in clean energy, green metals and fuels, and minerals processing. This policy focuses on supporting industries aligned with Australia’s net zero transition, as well as improving economic resilience and security.
Critics argue that Australia lacks a competitive advantage in producing some of these products, and should instead import the necessary technologies or components from lower-cost producers. Currently, China dominates critical mineral supply chains and the production of most clean energy technologies.
At least in principle, Australians see value in manufacturing more goods domestically. The vast majority of the adult population (83%) say Australia should make more goods in Australia, even if they cost more. Only 16% of Australians say Australia should source all goods from wherever they cost less.
This finding complements the results of a separate question on supply chains asked in 2023, which found that seven in ten Australians (70%) thought the country should prioritise running supply chains through friendly countries, even if it means higher prices.