{"title":"Foreign investment by country","question":"
Are you in favour or opposed to a company, bank or investment fund controlled by the following foreign governments buying a controlling stake in a major Australian company?
","summary":"Are you in favour or opposed to a company, bank or investment fund controlled by the following foreign governments buying a controlling stake in a major Australian company?","observation":"Australians’ longstanding scepticism about foreign investment persists in 2021. Revisiting a question asked in the 2008 Poll about whether companies with links to foreign governments should be permitted to invest in Australian companies, the vast majority of Australians oppose foreign government-controlled entities purchasing controlling stakes in Australian companies. However, some countries elicit stronger opposition than others.
\nNine in ten Australians (92%) would oppose a Chinese-government controlled entity purchasing a controlling stake in an Australian company. Hong Kong is the fifth-largest source of foreign investment in Australia. However, 86% say they would oppose a Hong Kong-government controlled entity purchasing a controlling a stake in an Australian company.
\nThe majority of Australians would also oppose entities controlled by liberal democratic governments from purchasing a controlling stake in an Australian company. Two-thirds of Australians say they would oppose such a purchase from an entity controlled by the Japanese government (68%), the government of a European Union member (67%), and the United States government (66%). The lowest level of opposition is expressed towards an entity controlled by the government of the United Kingdom (58%). The United States, United Kingdom, Belgium and Japan are the top four sources of foreign investment in Australia.
","notes":["The question in 2008 was ‘If a company, bank or investment fund controlled by a foreign government was trying to buy a controlling stake in a major Australian company: please say whether you would be strongly in favour, in favour, opposed, strongly opposed.’ Response options were strongly in favour, in favour, opposed and strongly opposed. Dashed line indicates change in mode. See Methodology for more information."],"tweet":"","tags":[{"title":"Trust in global powers","url":"tags/trust-in-global-powers","color":"#9565B2"},{"title":"Economic and trade policy","url":"tags/economic-and-trade-policy","color":"#008A97"},{"title":"Foreign investment","url":"tags/foreign-investment","color":"#46AE7C"},{"title":"China","url":"tags/china","color":"#E05158"},{"title":"Japan","url":"tags/japan","color":"#D95C6E"},{"title":"United Kingdom","url":"tags/united-kingdom","color":"#3B81D8"},{"title":"United States","url":"tags/united-states","color":"#3B9BDA"},{"title":"United Arab Emirates","url":"tags/united-arab-emirates","color":"#008A97"},{"title":"Singapore","url":"tags/singapore","color":"#245E94"},{"title":"Foreign interference","url":"tags/foreign-interference","color":"#FFC900"},{"title":"Critical infrastructure","url":"tags/critical-infrastructure","color":"#FFC900"},{"title":"Hong Kong","url":"tags/hong-kong","color":"#46AE7C"}],"themes":[{"title":"Economy and trade","url":"themes/economy-and-trade"},{"title":"China","url":"themes/china"},{"title":"United States","url":"themes/united-states"}],"catColors":[],"resColors":[1,8,5],"slug":"foreign-investment-by-country","dictionary":{"years":[2008,2021],"categories":["A member of the European Union","China","Hong Kong","Japan","Singapore","United Arab Emirates","United Kingdom","United States"],"responses":["In favour","Opposed","Don’t know"],"splits":true},"values":[[[[],[16.8,77.7,5.59],[],[21.8,72.3,5.89],[22.7,70.3,6.99],[17.3,74,8.69],[42.8,52.6,4.7],[33.7,62.5,3.8]],[[31.2,66.8,2.02],[6.3,92.4,1.32],[12.2,85.9,1.85],[30.4,67.6,1.93],[],[],[40.3,57.8,1.93],[32.2,65.8,2.02]]],[[[],[25.7,66.8,7.43],[],[31.2,60.9,7.92],[31.7,59.4,8.91],[23.3,65.8,10.89],[56.9,36.1,6.93],[39.1,56.9,3.96]],[[36.8,60.1,3.14],[14.5,82.4,3.14],[22.2,74.6,3.14],[39.5,57.3,3.14],[],[],[41.2,56.1,2.78],[31.7,65.5,2.78]]],[[[],[18.6,71.6,9.82],[],[22.4,67.4,9.82],[21.8,66,11.58],[20.3,66.7,12.98],[38.3,53.7,8.07],[31.6,61,7.02]],[[37.8,59.8,2.45],[6.6,91.8,1.61],[16.5,81.3,2.2],[35.7,62.3,1.99],[],[],[44.9,53,2.08],[35.5,62.2,2.27]]],[[[],[13.1,84,2.91],[],[17.8,78.2,4.36],[19.6,76,4.36],[13.8,80.4,5.82],[35.3,62.9,1.82],[28.7,68.7,2.18]],[[24.4,73.2,2.38],[4.1,95.1,0.81],[8.6,89.4,2.05],[22.9,74.9,2.2],[],[],[31.4,66.4,2.22],[24.3,73.5,2.2]]],[[[],[11.3,86.7,2.08],[],[17.5,81.3,1.25],[19.6,77.5,2.92],[12.9,82.5,5],[44.6,52.9,2.08],[37.1,61.7,1.67]],[[26.6,72.8,0.61],[2.4,97.4,0.24],[4.4,95.1,0.53],[25.4,73.8,0.85],[],[],[41.8,57.2,1.01],[35.6,63.2,1.11]]],[[[],[22.1,73.8,4.1],[],[27.7,68,4.3],[27.1,66.2,6.76],[21.9,70.9,6.97],[42.8,52.5,4.71],[35,61.1,3.89]],[[39,60.5,0.52],[7.5,92.1,0.35],[16,83.7,0.35],[41.5,58.2,0.35],[],[],[47.2,52.3,0.55],[41.7,57.8,0.53]]],[[[],[11.7,81.5,7.02],[],[16.2,76.4,7.41],[18.3,74.5,7.41],[12.9,77,10.33],[42.7,52.8,4.48],[32.5,64.1,3.7]],[[23.7,72.8,3.49],[5,92.7,2.27],[8.2,88.4,3.33],[19.8,76.7,3.47],[],[],[33.4,63.4,3.29],[23,73.5,3.46]]],[[[],[14.5,79.7,5.45],[],[21.8,72.7,5.45],[22.4,71.5,6.06],[14.8,76.1,9.09],[42.7,53,4.55],[33.3,63,3.33]],[[31.7,65.8,2.49],[5.2,93.9,0.83],[12.2,86,1.72],[29.8,68.4,1.8],[],[],[38.9,58.8,2.24],[29.6,68.2,2.27]]],[[[],[6.3,93.8,0],[],[12.5,93.8,0],[12.5,87.5,6.25],[18.8,75,12.5],[37.5,68.8,0],[37.5,68.8,0]],[[38.9,61.1,0],[14.1,86,0],[25.5,74.5,0],[40.2,59.8,0],[],[],[44.8,55.2,0],[31.4,68.6,0]]],[[[],[16.7,74.5,8.76],[],[22.7,66.9,10.36],[21.5,66.9,11.16],[22.3,67.7,9.96],[42.2,48.6,8.76],[33.5,59,7.57]],[[35.4,61.8,2.83],[8.1,89.2,2.74],[14.3,82.4,3.31],[36.5,60.4,3.12],[],[],[45.2,52,2.78],[39.4,57.9,2.74]]],[[[],[22.7,71.7,5.67],[],[25.8,71.7,3.09],[28.4,67.5,4.12],[19.6,74.2,6.19],[45.4,53.6,1.55],[39.7,58.8,1.55]],[[26.6,71.8,1.63],[3.9,95,1.05],[8.9,89.9,1.23],[26,72.6,1.41],[],[],[37.1,61.5,1.36],[26.8,71.3,1.86]]],[[[],[11.5,84.6,3.85],[],[14.1,78.2,7.69],[20.5,74.4,6.41],[12.8,78.2,8.97],[37.2,56.4,6.41],[25.6,70.5,3.85]],[[26.9,71.7,1.36],[7.3,91.8,0.93],[13.9,85.3,0.93],[24.7,73.5,1.86],[],[],[35.5,63,1.57],[27.5,71.1,1.36]]],[[[],[18.4,80.6,1.02],[],[22.4,75.5,2.04],[25.5,71.4,3.06],[14.3,78.6,7.14],[48,52,1.02],[33.7,64.3,1.02]],[[30.7,68.9,0.44],[8.5,91.1,0.44],[12.5,86.8,0.68],[31.7,67.6,0.68],[],[],[42.5,57,0.54],[38.4,61.1,0.54]]],[[[],[12.5,87.5,0],[],[20.8,79.2,0],[8.3,79.2,12.5],[8.3,79.2,12.5],[41.7,54.2,0],[29.2,70.8,0]],[[27.8,71.5,0.67],[4.5,94.8,0.67],[4.7,94.6,0.67],[18.9,80.5,0.67],[],[],[35,64.3,0.67],[24.1,75.3,0.67]]],[[[],[11.1,88.9,0],[],[0,88.9,11.11],[0,88.9,11.11],[11.1,77.8,11.11],[11.1,88.9,0],[11.1,88.9,0]],[[32.6,69.6,0],[0,100,0],[15.2,69.6,15.22],[19.6,65.2,15.22],[],[],[19.6,65.2,15.22],[19.6,65.2,15.22]]],[[[],[19.9,73,7.03],[],[23.7,69.1,7.35],[25.3,66,8.82],[20.3,70.1,9.64],[44.5,49.5,6.05],[34.8,60.5,4.9]],[[34.7,63.1,2.27],[6.8,91.7,1.52],[15,82.9,2.1],[35,62.7,2.31],[],[],[42.2,55.5,2.36],[35.6,62.1,2.29]]],[[[],[11.8,85.1,3.08],[],[18.8,77.6,3.6],[18.5,77.1,4.37],[12.6,80.5,7.2],[40.1,57.3,2.57],[31.9,65.8,2.06]],[[24.3,74.2,1.52],[5.3,93.8,0.92],[6.7,91.9,1.36],[21.2,77.7,1.16],[],[],[36.5,62.5,1.05],[25.3,73.2,1.48]]],[[[],[17.9,73.5,8.67],[],[23,69.4,7.65],[25,67.9,7.14],[20.9,70.9,8.16],[42.9,50.5,6.63],[34.7,60.2,5.1]],[[35.6,60.8,3.61],[4.5,94.2,1.29],[14.5,82.9,2.67],[34.7,62.5,2.79],[],[],[41.2,55.5,3.3],[34.5,62.3,3.23]]],[[[],[9.7,88.8,1.49],[],[20.1,77.6,2.24],[18.7,76.9,4.48],[6.7,82.8,10.45],[42.5,56.7,1.49],[31.3,67.9,0.75]],[[24.6,74.9,0.49],[6.6,93.4,0],[8.1,91.9,0],[20.7,79.3,0],[],[],[34.8,64.9,0.31],[20.6,78.9,0.53]]],[[[],[20.4,69.9,9.66],[],[24.4,64.2,11.93],[23.9,62.5,13.64],[21.6,65.9,13.07],[44.9,44.9,10.23],[33.5,58,8.52]],[[41.1,55.9,3.03],[9.4,87.7,2.98],[15.9,81,3.18],[41.6,55,3.41],[],[],[47.4,49.3,3.31],[42,54.7,3.26]]],[[[],[8,84,6.67],[],[18.7,73.3,6.67],[16,78.7,5.33],[25.3,72,2.67],[37.3,57.3,5.33],[32,61.3,5.33]],[[17.4,80.5,2.13],[4,94.2,1.98],[9.3,87,3.72],[20.2,77.6,2.13],[],[],[38.5,60.5,1.03],[30.9,68.1,1.03]]],[[[],[29.8,61.9,8.33],[],[30.9,65.5,2.38],[34.5,60.7,4.76],[28.6,65.5,4.76],[54.8,45.2,1.19],[46.4,52.4,1.19]],[[29.3,70.3,0.42],[2.6,97.1,0.31],[14.4,85.3,0.31],[33,66.3,0.62],[],[],[39.1,60.3,0.52],[30,69.6,0.42]]],[[[],[17.1,78.4,4.5],[],[21.6,74.8,3.6],[23.4,72.1,3.6],[12.6,80.2,7.21],[38.7,59.5,1.8],[33.3,64.9,1.8]],[[24,73.2,2.77],[5.2,93,1.75],[3.7,94.2,2.14],[19.4,78.4,2.14],[],[],[35.3,62.6,2.14],[23.9,73,3.21]]],[[[],[16.1,80.4,3.57],[],[16.1,75,8.93],[25,67.8,8.93],[16.1,71.4,12.5],[33.9,57.1,7.14],[28.6,67.9,3.57]],[[24.9,74,1.17],[7.7,91.2,1.17],[14.3,84.5,1.17],[21.1,77.1,1.8],[],[],[33.2,65.3,1.44],[24.7,74.1,1.17]]],[[[],[18.1,79.2,1.39],[],[23.6,72.2,2.78],[26.4,69.5,4.17],[12.5,79.2,6.94],[45.8,52.8,1.39],[27.8,69.5,1.39]],[[32.1,67.4,0.52],[9.9,89.6,0.52],[14.6,84.6,0.81],[33.7,65.6,0.81],[],[],[44.7,54.7,0.64],[40.3,59.1,0.64]]],[[[],[33.3,66.7,0],[],[33.3,66.7,0],[11.1,55.5,22.22],[0,66.7,22.22],[66.7,33.3,0],[44.4,55.6,0]],[[1.1,96,2.27],[0,97.2,2.27],[0.6,96.6,2.27],[6.8,90.9,2.27],[],[],[8.5,88.6,2.27],[8,89.2,2.27]]],[[[],[0,100,0],[],[0,100,0],[0,100,0],[33.3,100,0],[33.3,100,0],[0,100,0]],[[50,50,0],[0,100,0],[23.3,50,23.33],[30,46.7,23.33],[],[],[30,46.7,23.33],[30,46.7,23.33]]],[[[],[6.3,93.8,0],[],[12.5,93.8,0],[12.5,87.5,6.25],[18.8,75,12.5],[37.5,68.8,0],[37.5,68.8,0]],[[38.9,61.1,0],[14.1,86,0],[25.5,74.5,0],[40.2,59.8,0],[],[],[44.8,55.2,0],[31.4,68.6,0]]],[[[],[21.8,71.5,6.74],[],[28,64.8,7.25],[30.6,61.7,7.77],[24.9,65.8,9.84],[43.5,49.2,7.25],[32.6,61.7,5.7]],[[42.2,56,1.76],[7.6,91.1,1.28],[15.8,82.7,1.52],[39.4,59,1.62],[],[],[45.3,53.2,1.56],[35.8,62.7,1.56]]],[[[],[21.9,70.2,8.3],[],[22.3,69.1,9.06],[22.3,71.3,6.79],[19.3,73.2,7.55],[39.6,55.1,5.28],[34.3,61.1,4.91]],[[26.8,71.5,1.74],[5.2,93.7,1.11],[11.3,87.2,1.54],[25.3,73.4,1.36],[],[],[38.7,59.7,1.61],[29.9,68.2,1.94]]],[[[],[13.3,81,5.13],[],[24.1,70.8,5.64],[25.1,67.2,7.69],[16.9,76.4,6.15],[48.2,48.7,2.56],[31.8,65.1,3.08]],[[30.9,65.3,3.75],[9,88.6,2.4],[15.8,80.6,3.62],[35.1,61.3,3.62],[],[],[37.8,58.5,3.62],[32.9,63.5,3.62]]],[[[],[11.9,84.9,2.9],[],[16.5,80.3,3.19],[17.1,76.2,6.67],[11.9,78,10.14],[41.7,54.2,3.77],[35.1,62.6,2.32]],[[24.6,74.8,0.64],[1.9,97.8,0.32],[3.6,96.1,0.32],[22.8,76.3,0.88],[],[],[39.9,59.1,0.92],[30.1,69.3,0.6]]],[[[],[16.8,78.7,4.32],[],[21.4,74.1,4.5],[22.9,71,6.13],[16.4,74.6,9.19],[46,50.3,3.78],[34.2,62.7,3.06]],[[28.6,68,3.42],[8.2,89.7,2.1],[12.6,84.5,2.9],[28.4,68.5,3.16],[],[],[40.5,56.6,2.93],[31.9,65.1,2.99]]],[[[],[15.8,78.4,5.79],[],[22.2,71.4,6.43],[20.6,70.7,8.36],[16.1,76.2,7.72],[36,58.8,5.14],[28.6,67.5,3.54]],[[31.9,67.2,1],[4.6,94.6,0.84],[10.8,88.2,1],[30.5,68.5,1],[],[],[38.5,60.3,1.17],[29.3,69.3,1.4]]],[[[],[28,66,6],[],[30,64,6],[36,60,4],[34,56,8],[50,46,4],[44,50,6]],[[37.1,62.3,0.54],[5.1,94.5,0.43],[14.2,84.9,0.93],[37.2,62.3,0.54],[],[],[42.9,56.2,0.86],[37.7,61.4,0.93]]],[[[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[]],[[25.1,72.9,1.91],[4,94.5,1.52],[8.3,89.9,1.84],[24.7,73.4,1.87],[],[],[36.1,62.1,1.85],[28.6,69.4,1.94]]],[[[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[]],[[33.5,64.3,2.06],[5,93.9,1.07],[9,89.5,1.499],[29.9,68.2,1.82],[],[],[45.9,52.1,1.96],[31.8,66.4,1.82]]],[[[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[]],[[47.2,50.4,2.33],[13.4,85.7,0.89],[25.2,72.7,2.1],[46.8,51,2.14],[],[],[49.5,48.4,2.14],[42.3,55.4,2.33]]],[[[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[]],[[51.8,46.4,1.85],[16.7,82,1.33],[27.9,70.8,1.33],[53.5,45.1,1.33],[],[],[55.8,42.9,1.33],[48.5,50.2,1.33]]],[[[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[]],[[22.7,75.8,1.51],[4.3,94.6,1.16],[6.7,91.8,1.52],[21.4,77.2,1.39],[],[],[34.1,64.3,1.61],[26.6,71.7,1.74]]],[[[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[]],[[32.7,64.7,2.57],[4.7,94.4,0.86],[10.2,87.3,2.45],[29.4,67.5,3.04],[],[],[43.6,53.9,2.6],[30.9,66.6,2.45]]],[[[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[]],[[45.6,51.9,2.44],[11.5,86.3,2.13],[23.1,74.6,2.25],[46.2,51.5,2.28],[],[],[48.2,49.5,2.28],[42.1,55.4,2.44]]],[[[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[]],[[50.2,46.2,3.56],[14.8,82.1,3.13],[28.2,68.7,3.13],[52.6,44.3,3.13],[],[],[53.8,43.1,3.13],[47.2,49.7,3.13]]],[[[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[]],[[50,46.3,3.79],[13.4,83.3,3.33],[27.6,69,3.33],[53.4,43.2,3.33],[],[],[54.7,42,3.33],[47.7,48.9,3.33]]],[[[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[]],[[30.3,69,0.72],[5.8,94,0.21],[11,88,1.01],[33,66,1.01],[],[],[47,52.2,0.78],[41.7,57.7,0.65]]],[[[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[]],[[36.6,62.2,1.13],[5,94.2,0.79],[14.7,84.5,0.79],[31.1,68.1,0.79],[],[],[38.3,60.9,0.79],[31.9,67.4,0.73]]],[[[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[]],[[31.4,64,4.54],[12.1,83.5,4.45],[16.4,79.1,4.45],[28.4,67.1,4.45],[],[],[30.8,64.5,4.63],[19.7,75.5,4.84]]],[[[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[]],[[20.8,78.9,0.31],[0,99.7,0.31],[6.5,93.2,0.31],[11.3,88.4,0.31],[],[],[39,60.5,0.31],[24.1,75.6,0.31]]],[[[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[]],[[37.9,62.1,0],[2.8,97.2,0],[13.2,86.8,0],[38.9,61.1,0],[],[],[43.6,56.4,0],[32.4,67.7,0]]],[[[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[]],[[26.7,69.1,4.25],[6.3,91.4,2.3],[9.2,87.2,3.59],[28.9,67.2,3.9],[],[],[37.8,58,4.12],[27.2,68.2,4.65]]]],"id":"q134","years":[{"title":2008,"url":"years/2008"},{"title":2021,"url":"years/2021"}],"url":"charts/foreign-investment-by-country","image":{"card":"img/charts/2020/foreign-investment-by-country.png","full":"img/charts/2020/foreign-investment-by-country-full.png","thumb":"img/charts/2020/foreign-investment-by-country-thumb.png"}}